Acoso en la calle y su asociación con percepciones de cohesión social entre mujeres en la Ciudad de México / Experiences of street harassment and associations with perceptions of social cohesion among women in Mexico City

Resumen: Objetivo: Documentar frecuencia y tipos de acoso en la calle (AC) y la asociación entre experiencias de AC y percepción de cohesión social (CS). Material y métodos: Análisis de encuesta a mujeres que solicitan servicios en clínicas de la Secretaría Salud del Gobierno de la Ciudad de México. Resultados: 62.8% reportó algún tipo de AC el mes previo a la encuesta; aquéllas con experiencias de AC reportaron índices significativamente menores de CS (b = -0.46; IC95%: -0.69, -0.22). Conclusiones: Reducir el AC puede tener implicaciones importantes para mejorar la percepción de CS y la seguridad de las mujeres en la Ciudad de México.

Abstract: Objective: To document the frequency and forms of street harassment and examine the association between street harassment experiences and perceptions of social cohesion. Materials and methods: Baseline survey data collected among women seeking care in public health clinics in Mexico City were used for analysis. Results: Nearly two-thirds (62.8%) of women reported experiencing some form of street harassment in the prior month; women with street harassment experiences reported significantly lower perceived social cohesion (b=-0.46; 95%CI: -0.69,-0.22). Conclusions: Findings indicate reducing street harassment may have important implications for improving women’s perceived social cohesion and their safety in Mexico City.

Validação de um questionário de avaliação nutricional subjetiva global / Validation of a subjective global assessment questionnaire

Resumo Objetivo Validar o questionário de Avaliação Nutricional Subjetiva Global (ANSG) para a população de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos Estudo transversal, feito com 242 pacientes, de 30 dias a 13 anos, atendidos em unidades pediátricas de um hospital terciário, com doenças agudas e tempo de permanência mínima de 24 horas hospitalizados. Após autorização dos autores do estudo original foram cumpridas as seguintes etapas para obtenção da validação dos instrumentos de ANSG: tradução (backtranslation), validade de critério concorrente e preditiva e confiabilidade interobservador. As variáveis em estudo foram: idade, sexo, peso e comprimento ao nascer, prematuridade e antropometria (peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal, circunferência braquial, dobra cutânea tricipital e dobra cutânea subescapular). O desfecho principal considerado foi necessidade de internação/reinternação até 30 dias após a alta hospitalar. Os testes estatísticos usados foram: Anova, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado e coeficiente Kappa. Resultados De acordo com a classificação do ANSG, 80% dos pacientes foram classificados como bem nutridos, 14,5% moderadamente desnutridos e 5,4% gravemente desnutridos. A validade concorrente mostrou fraca a regular correlação do ANSG com as medidas antropométricas usadas (p < 0,001). Quanto ao poder preditivo, o desfecho principal associado ao ANSG foi tempo de internação/reinternação. Os desfechos secundários associados foram: tempo de permanência na unidade após ANSG, peso e comprimento ao nascer e prematuridade (p < 0,05). A confiabilidade interobservador mostrou boa concordância entre os avaliadores (Kappa = 0,74). Conclusão Este estudo validou o método de ANSG nessa amostra de pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados e possibilitou seu uso para fins de aplicação clínica e de pesquisa na população brasileira.

Abstract Objective To validate the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA) questionnaire for Brazilian children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study with 242 patients, aged 30 days to 13 years, treated in pediatric units of a tertiary hospital with acute illness and minimum hospitalization of 24 h. After permission from the authors of the original study, the following criteria were observed to obtain the validation of SGNA instruments: translation and backtranslation, concurrent validity, predictive validity, and inter-observer reliability. The variables studied were age, sex, weight and length at birth, prematurity, and anthropometry (weight, height, body mass index, upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and subscapular skinfold). The primary outcome was considered as the need for admission/readmission within 30 days after hospital discharge. Statistical tests used included ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Kappa coefficient. Results According to SGNA score, 80% of patients were considered as well nourished, 14.5% moderately malnourished, and 5.4% severely malnourished. Concurrent validity showed a weak correlation between the SGNA and anthropometric measurements (p < 0.001). Regarding predictive power, the main outcome associated with SGNA was length of admission/readmission. Secondary outcomes associated included the following: length of stay at the unit after SGNA, weight and length at birth, and prematurity (p < 0.05). The interobserver reliability showed good agreement among examiners (Kappa = 0.74). Conclusion This study validated the SGNA in this group of hospitalized pediatric patients, ensuring its use in the clinical setting and for research purposes in the Brazilian population.